The physics of gamma-ray bursts & relativistic jets

被引:679
作者
Kumar, Pawan [1 ]
Zhang, Bing [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[2] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA
来源
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS | 2015年 / 561卷
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; EARLY X-RAY; NEUTRINO-DOMINATED ACCRETION; STAR-FORMATION RATES; SWIFT XRT DATA; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE BURSTS; EARLY OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS; REVERSE SHOCK EMISSION;
D O I
10.1016/j.physrep.2014.09.008
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
We provide a comprehensive review of major developments in our understanding of gamma-ray bursts, with particular focus on the discoveries made within the last fifteen years when their true nature was uncovered. We describe the observational properties of photons from the radio to 100s GeV bands, both in the prompt emission and the afterglow phases. Mechanisms for the generation of these photons in GRBs are discussed and confronted with observations to shed light on the physical properties of these explosions, their progenitor stars and the surrounding medium. After presenting observational evidence that a powerful, collimated, jet moving at close to the speed of light is produced in these explosions, we describe our current understanding regarding the generation, acceleration, and dissipation of the jet. We discuss mounting observational evidence that long duration GRBs are produced when massive stars die, and that at least some short duration bursts are associated with old, roughly solar mass, compact stars. The question of whether a black-hole or a strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star is produced in these explosions is also discussed. We provide a brief summary of what we have learned about relativistic collisionless shocks and particle acceleration from GRB afterglow studies, and discuss the current understanding of radiation mechanism during the prompt emission phase. We discuss theoretical predictions of possible high-energy neutrino emission from GRBs and the current observational constraints. Finally, we discuss how these explosions may be used to study cosmology, e.g. star formation, metal enrichment, reionization history, as well as the formation of first stars and galaxies in the universe. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 109
页数:109
相关论文
共 890 条
[1]  
Aartsen M. G., 2014, ARXIV14126510
[2]   An absence of neutrinos associated with cosmic-ray acceleration in γ-ray bursts [J].
Abbasi, R. ;
Abdou, Y. ;
Abu-Zayyad, T. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Altmann, D. ;
Andeen, K. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Bay, R. ;
Alba, J. L. Bazo ;
Beattie, K. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Bechet, S. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
Bell, M. ;
Benabderrahmane, M. L. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berdermann, J. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bertrand, D. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Brayeur, L. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Buitink, S. ;
Caballero-Mora, K. S. ;
Carson, M. ;
Casier, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Cohen, S. ;
Colnard, C. ;
Cowen, D. F. .
NATURE, 2012, 484 (7394) :351-354
[3]   Limits on Neutrino Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with the 40 String IceCube Detector [J].
Abbasi, R. ;
Abdou, Y. ;
Abu-Zayyad, T. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Andeen, K. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Bay, R. ;
Alba, J. L. Bazo ;
Beattie, K. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Bechet, S. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
Benabderrahmane, M. L. ;
BenZvi, S. ;
Berdermann, J. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bertrand, D. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Bindig, D. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Blumenthal, J. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bose, D. ;
Boeser, S. ;
Botner, O. ;
Braun, J. ;
Brown, A. M. ;
Buitink, S. ;
Carson, M. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clem, J. ;
Clevermann, F. ;
Cohen, S. ;
Colnard, C. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
D'Agostino, M. V. ;
Danninger, M. ;
Daughhetee, J. ;
Davis, J. C. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2011, 106 (14)
[4]   SEARCH FOR MUON NEUTRINOS FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH THE IceCube NEUTRINO TELESCOPE [J].
Abbasi, R. ;
Abdou, Y. ;
Abu-Zayyad, T. ;
Adams, J. ;
Aguilar, J. A. ;
Ahlers, M. ;
Andeen, K. ;
Auffenberg, J. ;
Bai, X. ;
Baker, M. ;
Barwick, S. W. ;
Bay, R. ;
Alba, J. L. Bazo ;
Beattie, K. ;
Beatty, J. J. ;
Bechet, S. ;
Becker, J. K. ;
Becker, K. -H. ;
Benabderrahmane, M. L. ;
Berdermann, J. ;
Berghaus, P. ;
Berley, D. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bertrand, D. ;
Besson, D. Z. ;
Bissok, M. ;
Blaufuss, E. ;
Boersma, D. J. ;
Bohm, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Botner, O. ;
Bradley, L. ;
Braun, J. ;
Breder, D. ;
Castermans, T. ;
Chirkin, D. ;
Christy, B. ;
Clem, J. ;
Cohen, S. ;
Cowen, D. F. ;
D'Agostino, M. V. ;
Danninger, M. ;
Day, C. T. ;
De Clercq, C. ;
Demiroers, L. ;
Depaepe, O. ;
Descamps, F. ;
Desiati, P. ;
de Vries-Uiterweerd, G. ;
DeYoung, T. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2010, 710 (01) :346-359
[5]   LIGO: the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory [J].
Abbott, B. P. ;
Abbott, R. ;
Adhikari, R. ;
Ajith, P. ;
Allen, B. ;
Allen, G. ;
Amin, R. S. ;
Anderson, S. B. ;
Anderson, W. G. ;
Arain, M. A. ;
Araya, M. ;
Armandula, H. ;
Armor, P. ;
Aso, Y. ;
Aston, S. ;
Aufmuth, P. ;
Aulbert, C. ;
Babak, S. ;
Baker, P. ;
Ballmer, S. ;
Barker, C. ;
Barker, D. ;
Barr, B. ;
Barriga, P. ;
Barsotti, L. ;
Barton, M. A. ;
Bartos, I. ;
Bassiri, R. ;
Bastarrika, M. ;
Behnke, B. ;
Benacquista, M. ;
Betzwieser, J. ;
Beyersdorf, P. T. ;
Bilenko, I. A. ;
Billingsley, G. ;
Biswas, R. ;
Black, E. ;
Blackburn, J. K. ;
Blackburn, L. ;
Blair, D. ;
Bland, B. ;
Bodiya, T. P. ;
Bogue, L. ;
Bork, R. ;
Boschi, V. ;
Bose, S. ;
Brady, P. R. ;
Braginsky, V. B. ;
Brau, J. E. ;
Bridges, D. O. .
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS, 2009, 72 (07)
[6]   DETECTION OF HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION DURING THE X-RAY FLARING ACTIVITY IN GRB 100728A [J].
Abdo, A. A. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Baring, M. G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Bechtol, K. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Berenji, B. ;
Bhat, P. N. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bonamente, E. ;
Bonnell, J. ;
Borgland, A. W. ;
Bouvier, A. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brigida, M. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Buson, S. ;
Caliandro, G. A. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Cecchi, C. ;
Charles, E. ;
Chekhtman, A. ;
Chiang, J. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Claus, R. ;
Connaughton, V. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cutini, S. ;
de Angelis, A. ;
de Palma, F. ;
Dermer, C. D. ;
do Couto e Silva, E. ;
Drell, P. S. ;
Dubois, R. ;
Favuzzi, C. ;
Fukazawa, Y. ;
Fusco, P. ;
Gargano, F. ;
Gehrels, N. ;
Germani, S. ;
Giglietto, N. ;
Giommi, P. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2011, 734 (02)
[7]   A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum gravity effects [J].
Abdo, A. A. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Asano, K. ;
Atwood, W. B. ;
Axelsson, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Baring, M. G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Bechtol, K. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Berenji, B. ;
Bhat, P. N. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bonamente, E. ;
Bonnell, J. ;
Borgland, A. W. ;
Bouvier, A. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brez, A. ;
Briggs, M. S. ;
Brigida, M. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Burgess, J. M. ;
Burnett, T. H. ;
Caliandro, G. A. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Cecchi, C. ;
Celik, Oe ;
Chaplin, V. ;
Charles, E. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiang, J. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Claus, R. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
Cominsky, L. R. ;
Connaughton, V. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cutini, S. ;
Dermer, C. D. ;
de Angelis, A. ;
de Palma, F. ;
Digel, S. W. ;
Dingus, B. L. .
NATURE, 2009, 462 (7271) :331-334
[8]   FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF GRB 090902B: A DISTINCT SPECTRAL COMPONENT IN THE PROMPT AND DELAYED EMISSION [J].
Abdo, A. A. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Asano, K. ;
Atwood, W. B. ;
Axelsson, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Baring, M. G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Bechtol, K. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Berenji, B. ;
Bhat, P. N. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bonamente, E. ;
Borgland, A. W. ;
Bouvier, A. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brez, A. ;
Briggs, M. S. ;
Brigida, M. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Burgess, J. M. ;
Burrows, D. N. ;
Buson, S. ;
Caliandro, G. A. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Cecchi, C. ;
Celik, Oe. ;
Chekhtman, A. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiang, J. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Claus, R. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
Cominsky, L. R. ;
Connaughton, V. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cutini, S. ;
d'Elia, V. ;
Dermer, C. D. ;
de Angelis, A. ;
de Palma, F. ;
Digel, S. W. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2009, 706 (01) :L138-L144
[9]   Fermi Observations of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from GRB 080916C [J].
Abdo, A. A. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Arimoto, M. ;
Asano, K. ;
Atwood, W. B. ;
Axelsson, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Band, D. L. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Baring, M. G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Battelino, M. ;
Baughman, B. M. ;
Bechtol, K. ;
Bellardi, F. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Berenji, B. ;
Bhat, P. N. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bogaert, G. ;
Bogart, J. R. ;
Bonamente, E. ;
Bonnell, J. ;
Borgland, A. W. ;
Bouvier, A. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brez, A. ;
Briggs, M. S. ;
Brigida, M. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Burnett, T. H. ;
Burrows, D. ;
Busetto, G. ;
Caliandro, G. A. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Casandjian, J. M. ;
Ceccanti, M. ;
Cecchi, C. ;
Celotti, A. ;
Charles, E. ;
Chekhtman, A. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiang, J. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Claus, R. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. .
SCIENCE, 2009, 323 (5922) :1688-1693
[10]   The formation and fragmentation of primordial molecular clouds [J].
Abel, T ;
Bryan, GL ;
Norman, ML .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 540 (01) :39-44