Tracking Breather Dynamics in Irregular Sea State Conditions

Breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) are known to be considered as backbone models for extreme events in the ocean as well as in Kerr media. These exact deterministic rogue wave (RW) prototypes on a regular background describe a wide range of modulation instability configurations. Alternatively, oceanic or electromagnetic wave fields can be of chaotic nature and it is known that RWs may develop in such conditions as well. We report an experimental study confirming that extreme localizations in an irregular oceanic Joint North Sea Wave Project wave field can be tracked back to originate from exact NLSE breather solutions, such as the Peregrine breather. Numerical NLSE as well as modified NLSE simulations are both in good agreement with laboratory experiments and highlight the significance of universal weakly nonlinear evolution equations in the emergence as well as prediction of extreme events in nonlinear dispersive media.