Monitoring and manipulating Higgs and Goldstone modes in a supersolid quantum gas

被引：159

作者：

Leonard, Julian ^{[1
]}

Morales, Andrea ^{[1
]}

Zupancic, Philip ^{[1
]}

Donner, Tobias ^{[1
]}

Esslinger, Tihnan ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] ETH, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

来源：

SCIENCE | 2017年 / 358卷 / 6369期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES; OPTICAL CAVITY; EXCITATIONS; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; SYMMETRY; BREAKING; LATTICE;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aan2608

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Higgs and Goldstone modes are collective excitations of the amplitude and phase of an order parameter that is related to the breaking of a continuous symmetry. We directly studied these modes in a supersolid quantum gas created by coupling a Bose-Einstein condensate to two optical cavities, whose field amplitudes form the real and imaginary parts of a U(1)-symmetric order parameter. Monitoring the cavity fields in real time allowed us to observe the dynamics of the associated Higgs and Goldstone modes and revealed their amplitude and phase nature. We used a spectroscopic method to measure their frequencies, and we gave a tunable mass to the Goldstone mode by exploring the crossover between continuous and discrete symmetry. Our experiments link spectroscopic measurements to the theoretical concept of Higgs and Goldstone modes.

引用

页码：1415 / 1418

页数：4

共 33 条

[1]

[Anonymous], 2011, QUANTUM PHASE TRANSI

[2] The hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter [J].

Arkani-Hamed, N ;

Dimopoulos, S ;

Dvali, G .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 1998, 429 (3-4) :263-272

[3] Correlated motion of two atoms trapped in a single-mode cavity field -: art. no. 013414 [J].

Asbóth, JK ;

Domokos, P ;

Ritsch, H .

PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 2004, 70 (01) :013414-1

[4] Controlling Discrete and Continuous Symmetries in "Superradiant" Phase Transitions with Circuit QED Systems [J].

Baksic, Alexandre ;

Ciuti, Cristiano .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (17)

[5] SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING, GAUGE THEORIES, HIGGS MECHANISM AND ALL THAT [J].

BERNSTEIN, J .

REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, 1974, 46 (01) :7-48

[6] The 'Higgs' amplitude mode at the two-dimensional superfluid/Mott insulator transition [J].

Endres, Manuel ;

Fukuhara, Takeshi ;

Pekker, David ;

Cheneau, Marc ;

Schauss, Peter ;

Gross, Christian ;

Demler, Eugene ;

Kuhr, Stefan ;

Bloch, Immanuel .

NATURE, 2012, 487 (7408) :454-U64

[7] Hidden continuous symmetry and Nambu-Goldstone mode in a two-mode Dicke model [J].

Fan, Jingtao ;

Yang, Zhiwei ;

Zhang, Yuanwei ;

Ma, Jie ;

Chen, Gang ;

Jia, Suotang .

PHYSICAL REVIEW A, 2014, 89 (02)

[8] FIELD THEORIES WITH SUPERCONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS [J].

GOLDSTONE, J .

NUOVO CIMENTO, 1961, 19 (01) :154-164

[9] BROKEN SYMMETRIES [J].

GOLDSTONE, J ;

SALAM, A ;

WEINBERG, S .

PHYSICAL REVIEW, 1962, 127 (03) :965-+

[10] Observation of a Superradiant Mott Insulator in the Dicke-Hubbard Model [J].

Klinder, J. ;

Kessler, H. ;

Bakhtiari, M. Reza ;

Thorwart, M. ;

Hemmerich, A. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2015, 115 (23)

← 1 2 3 4 →