Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Limonoids and Flavonoids in Seeds of Grapefruits, Other Citrus Species, and Dietary Supplements

被引:24
作者
Avula, Bharathi [1 ]
Sagi, Satyanarayanaraju [1 ]
Wang, Yan-Hong [1 ]
Wang, Mei [1 ]
Gafner, Stefan [2 ]
Manthey, John A. [3 ]
Khan, Ikhlas A. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA
[2] Amer Bot Council, Austin, TX USA
[3] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA
[4] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept BioMol Sci, Div Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA
基金
美国农业部;
关键词
Citrus samples; limonoid aglycones; limonoid glucosides; flavonoids; UHPLC-DAD-QToF-MS; preservatives; dietary supplements; PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES; BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE; ACIDIC LIMONOIDS; FRUIT TISSUES; GLUCOSIDES; FLAVANONES; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOSIDES; SINENSIS; LIMONIN;
D O I
10.1055/s-0042-107598
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
A selective UHPLC-DAD-QToF-MS method was developed to screen grapefruit seeds, and the seeds of other Citrus species for limonoid aglycones, acids, glucosides, and flavonoids. These classes of compounds were identified in positive and negative ion modes over a mass-to-charge range from 100-1500. Accurate mass values, elution times, and fragmentation patterns obtained by QToF-mass spectrometry were used to identify or tentatively characterize the compounds detected in the sample of this study. Limonin was the major limonoid in most of the seeds of Citrus species, followed by nomilin. This analytical method was successfully applied for the analysis of commercial extracts and dietary supplements claiming to contain grapefruit seed extract, or extracts made from the seed and other fruit parts such as the peel or pulp. Many commercial products contained large numbers of flavonoids, indicating the use of peel, pulp, or seed coat. This method also permitted detection of synthetic preservatives such as benzethonium chloride, methylparaben, and triclosan in commercial grapefruit seed extract products. Out of the 17 commercial products analyzed, two contained the synthetic antimicrobial agent benzethonium chloride.
引用
收藏
页码:1058 / 1069
页数:12
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