Modeling and simulation of a hybrid system of trickle b e d reactor and multistage reverse osmosis process for the removal of phenol from wastewater

Phenol is one of the most toxic and harmful pollutants in industrial wastewater streams, the removal of which is therefore of critical importance. The use of reverse osmosis (RO) systems as a means of treating wastewater is continuously growing. This research investigates the effect of operating parameters on the performance of five different multistage RO configurations coupled with a trickle bed reactor (TBR) us -ing model-based simulation. The results were compared, and an analysis was then performed to identify which hybrid TBR and multistage RO arrangement rejected the most phenol content. The basis for com-parison was four performance metrics of permeate concentration, rejection, recovery, and specific energy. The study found that the flow rate and concentration have little effect on the operation unless there is a concurrent increase of both. It was also found that the four-performance metrics used were interlinked and affect the quality and quantity of the final freshwater product. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.