Rates of in-situ decomposition and nutrient (organic C, N and P) release of leaf litter were seasonally compared among three planted Kandelia obovcita mangrove forests (K12, K24 and 1(48 with forest ages of 12, 24 and 48 years, respectively) and one natural mature K. obovata forest (KM) in Jiulongjiang Estuary, China. The average values of half-time (T50) of leaf litter decomposition in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 29.8,18.7, 23.9 and 47.4d, respectively. Decomposition rates were lower in the older forests (with T50 values of 30.1 and 31.1d averaged by all seasons in 1(48 and KM, respectively) than in the younger ones (with T50 values 29.8 and 28.8d averaged by all seasons in 1(12 and 1(24, respectively), especially in summer and autumn. The annual mean T50 of nutrient release of leaf litter during decomposition followed an order of KM >K48 > K24 > K12. During leaf litter decomposition, C releases were very similar to dry weight losses, while N releases were slower and P releases were much faster than dry weight losses. With the development of restored mangrove forests, decomposition and nutrient release of leaf litter became slow, which may increase the chance of leaf litter being exported into the surrounding waters. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
