One-dimensional structures in nanoconfinement

Exploring the structure of low-dimensional materials is a key step towards a complete understanding of condensed matter. In recent years, owing to the fast developing of research tools, novel structures of manyelements have been reported, revealing the possibility of new properties. Refining the investigation of one-dimensional atomic chain structures has thus received a great amount of attention in the field of condensedmatter physics, materials science and chemistry. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the study ofconfined structures under nanometer environments. We mainly discuss the most interesting structures revealedand the experimental and theoretical methods adopted in these researches, and we also briefly discuss theproperties related to the new structures. We particularly focus on elemental materials, which show the richnessof one-dimensional structures in vacuum and in nanoconfinement. By understanding the binding and stability ofvarious structures and their properties, we expect that one-dimensional materials should attract a broad rangeof interest in new materials discovery and new applications. Moreover, we reveal the challenges in accurate theoretical simulations of one-dimensional materials in nanoconfinement, and we provide an outlook of how to overcome such challenges in the future