Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: a competent raw material with new possibilities

According to the economic feasibilities, municipal solid wastes (MSW) are being dumped or treated in different possible manners. Municipal solid waste incinerated ash (MSWIA) is one of the final products of MSW treatment plants after incineration. Due to less sustainable waste management options, MSWIA is produced in tons and dumped into landfills. Researchers in various developmental project suggest using MSWIA as an economical and eco-friendly mode of final disposal. The use of MSW incinerated bottom ash (MIBA) has an exceptional potential of supporting sustainability by conserving natural resources. The paper targets the possible benefits of MIBA in various construction and soil improvement projects by compensating the primary aggregates. The partial replacement of primary aggregates is a durable and cost-effective option for equal or improved strength. The addition of MSWIA is not new, but the studies available are limited in number. The presence of certain chemical compounds in MIBA is leading to advanced industrial-based applications. The residue can be a primary raw material for synthesizing new compounds, in land recovery and Hydrogen gas production. Some studies have favored its utilization in the most natural form, whereas some suggest avoiding the usage due to its various environmental and strength-based limitations. The article investigates significant studies and confirms the possible opportunities from waste residues for more competent raw material.