Developing biomedical innovation capacity in India

This paper charts the process through which India developed increasingly cutting edge capacity in biomedicine by incrementally 'building on' existing, more established areas of its biomedical technological system. It examines the development of India's pharmaceutical sector, explores how Indian biotechnology built on its existing pharmaceutical capacity, and analyses whether India's regenerative medicine sector is using capacities developed in both India's pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. We draw on previous studies of India's pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors as well as our own regenerative medicine case study. In charting this evolution, we gain insight into how developing economies build capacity by relying on existing expertise and then move into frontier areas within a technological system.