Floquet engineering of electric polarization with two-frequency drive

Electric polarization is a geometric phenomenon in solids and has a close relationship to the symmetry of the system. Here we propose a mechanism to dynamically induce and manipulate electric polarization by using an external light field. Specifically, we show that application of bicircular lights controls the rotational symmetry of the system and can generate electric polarization. To this end, we use Floquet theory to study a system subjected to a two-frequency drive. We derive an effective Hamiltonian with high-frequency expansions, for which the electric polarization is computed with the Berry phase formula. We demonstrate the dynamical control of polarization for a one-dimensional Su-Shrieffer-Heeger chain, a square lattice model, and a honeycomb lattice model.