Effects of Callus Cell Suspension Cultures and Elicitor Applications on Bioactive Components in Globe Artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori]

Globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] has many health-protecting properties due to its valuable bioactive components which are not stable and produced in high amounts in the raw plant material in nature. These bioactive components that gaining interest can be increased thanks to the contribution of valuable in vitro techniques, such as callus and cell suspension cultures, and various new applications such as elicitor treatments. The present study aimed to determined bioactive components in three globe artichoke cultivars by using callus eel I suspension cultures in various media combinations and by applying two elicitor treatments. namely methyl jasmonate and chitosan. at 3 different concentrations (methyl jasmonate 50 mu M, 100 mu M. and 200 mu M; chitosan 200 mg L-1. 400 mg L-1, and 800 mg L-1) with 3 different application durations (24h, 48h, and 72h). The bioactive compounds profile of cultivars was determined by HPLC-DAD. Obtained results revealed that using well-balanced concentrations of auxin: cytokinin (1:1 or 10:1) in a media composition is a must for triggering the callus formation process for globe artichoke. Results also showed that accumulated bioactive components and their amounts varied based on cultivars. Experiment results revealed that different types of elicitors other than methyl jasmonate and chitosan. or different doses of elicitors and application durations should be used/tested to get desired levels of bioactive components. The findings of the present study may play a supportively and complementarily mission in several important fields such as agriculture, and pharmaceutical engineering.