Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect the intracellular calcium concentrations in human astrocytoma cells

Experiments assessed whether long term exposure to 50 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields with a peak magnetic field of 3 mT can alter the dynamics of intracellular calcium in human astrocytoma U-373 MG cells. Pretreatment of cells with 1.2 muM substance P significantly increased the [Ca2+](i). The same effect was also observed when [Ca2+](i) was evaluated in the presence of 20 mM caffeine. After exposure to electromagnetic fields the basal [Ca2+](i) levels increased significantly from 143 +/- 46 nM to 278 +/- 125 nM. The increase was also evident after caffeine addition, but in cells treated with substance P and substance P + caffeine we observed a [Ca2+](i) decrease after exposure. When we substituted calcium-free medium for normal medium immediately before the [Ca2+](i) measurements, the [Ca2+](i) was similar to that measured in the presence of Ca2+. In this case, after EMFs exposure of cells treated with substance P, the [Ca2+](i), measured without and with addition of caffeine, declined from 824 +/- 425 to 38 +/- 13 nM and from 1369 +/- 700 to 11 +/- 4 nM, respectively, indicating that electromagnetic fields act either on intracellular Ca2+](i) stores or on the plasma membrane. Moreover the electromagnetic fields that affected [Ca2+](i) did not cause cell proliferation or cell death and the proliferation indexes remained unchanged after exposure. ((C)) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.