CONSTRAINING THE EMISSIVITY OF ULTRAHIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS IN THE DISTANT UNIVERSE WITH THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION

被引：22

作者：

Wang, Xiang-Yu ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Liu, Ruo-Yu ^{[1
,3
]}

Aharonian, Felix ^{[2
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China

[2] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[3] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Modern Astron & Astrophys, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China

[4] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 736卷 / 02期

关键词：

cosmic rays; gamma rays: diffuse background; neutrinos; COSMOGENIC NEUTRINOS; FERMI-LAT; X-RAY; BURSTS; LUMINOSITY; NUCLEI; ACCELERATION; CONSEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; AGN;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/112

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Ultrahigh cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energies greater than or similar to 10(19) eV emitted at cosmological distances will be attenuated by cosmic microwave and infrared background radiation through photohadronic processes. Lower energy extragalactic cosmic rays (similar to 10(18)-10(19) eV) can only travel a linear distance smaller than similar to Gpc in a Hubble time due to the diffusion if the extragalactic magnetic fields are as strong as nano-Gauss. These prevent us from directly observing most of the UHECRs in the universe, and thus the observed UHECR intensity reflects only the emissivity in the nearby universe within hundreds of Mpc. However, UHECRs in the distant universe, through interactions with the cosmic background photons, produce UHE electrons and gamma rays that in turn initiate electromagnetic cascades on cosmic background photons. This secondary cascade radiation forms part of the extragalactic diffuse GeV-TeV gamma-ray radiation and, unlike the original UHECRs, is observable. Motivated by new measurements of extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray background radiation by Fermi/Large Area Telescope, we obtained upper limit placed on the UHECR emissivity in the distant universe by requiring that the cascade radiation they produce not exceed the observed levels. By comparison with the gamma-ray emissivity of candidate UHECR sources (such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei) at high redshifts, we find that the obtained upper limit for a flat proton spectrum is similar or equal to 10(1.5) times larger than the gamma-ray emissivity in GRBs and similar or equal to 10 times smaller than the gamma-ray emissivity in BL Lac objects. In the case of iron nuclei composition, the derived upper limit of UHECR emissivity is a factor of 3-5 times higher. Robust upper limit on the cosmogenic neutrino flux is further obtained, which is marginally reachable by the Icecube detector and the next-generation detector JEM-EUSO.

引用

页数：8

共 49 条

[1] Indications of Proton-Dominated Cosmic-Ray Composition above 1.6 EeV [J].

Abbasi, R. U. ;

Abu-Zayyad, T. ;

Al-Seady, M. ;

Allen, M. ;

Amman, J. F. ;

Anderson, R. J. ;

Archbold, G. ;

Belov, K. ;

Belz, J. W. ;

Bergman, D. R. ;

Blake, S. A. ;

Brusova, O. A. ;

Burt, G. W. ;

Cannon, C. ;

Cao, Z. ;

Deng, W. ;

Fedorova, Y. ;

Finley, C. B. ;

Gray, R. C. ;

Hanlon, W. F. ;

Hoffman, C. M. ;

Holzscheiter, M. H. ;

Hughes, G. ;

Huentemeyer, P. ;

Jones, B. F. ;

Jui, C. C. H. ;

Kim, K. ;

Kirn, M. A. ;

Loh, E. C. ;

Liu, J. ;

Lundquist, J. P. ;

Maestas, M. M. ;

Manago, N. ;

Marek, L. J. ;

Martens, K. ;

Matthews, J. A. J. ;

Matthews, J. N. ;

Moore, S. A. ;

O'Neill, A. ;

Painter, C. A. ;

Perera, L. ;

Reil, K. ;

Riehle, R. ;

Roberts, M. ;

Rodriguez, D. ;

Sasaki, N. ;

Schnetzer, S. R. ;

Scott, L. M. ;

Sinnis, G. ;

Smith, J. D. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2010, 104 (16)

[2] Spectrum of the Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Derived from First-Year Fermi Large Area Telescope Data [J].

abdo, A. A. ;

Ackermann, M. ;

Ajello, M. ;

Atwood, W. B. ;

Baldini, L. ;

Ballet, J. ;

Barbiellini, G. ;

Bastieri, D. ;

Baughman, B. M. ;

Bechtol, K. ;

Bellazzini, R. ;

Berenji, B. ;

Blandford, R. D. ;

Bloom, E. D. ;

Bonamente, E. ;

Borgland, A. W. ;

Bregeon, J. ;

Brez, A. ;

Brigida, M. ;

Bruel, P. ;

Burnett, T. H. ;

Buson, S. ;

Caliandro, G. A. ;

Cameron, R. A. ;

Caraveo, P. A. ;

Casandjian, J. M. ;

Cavazzuti, E. ;

Cecchi, C. ;

Celik, Oe ;

Charles, E. ;

Chekhtman, A. ;

Cheung, C. C. ;

Chiang, J. ;

Ciprini, S. ;

Claus, R. ;

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;

Cominsky, L. R. ;

Conrad, J. ;

Cutini, S. ;

Dermer, C. D. ;

de Angelis, A. ;

de Palma, F. ;

Digel, S. W. ;

Di Bernardo, G. ;

do Couto e Silva, E. ;

Drell, P. S. ;

Drlica-Wagner, A. ;

Dubois, R. ;

Dumora, D. ;

Farnier, C. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2010, 104 (10)

[3] Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above 1018 eV [J].

Abraham, J. ;

Abreu, P. ;

Aglietta, M. ;

Ahn, E. J. ;

Allard, D. ;

Allekotte, I. ;

Allen, J. ;

Alvarez-Muniz, J. ;

Ambrosio, M. ;

Anchordoqui, L. ;

Andringa, S. ;

Anticic, T. ;

Anzalone, A. ;

Aramo, C. ;

Arganda, E. ;

Arisaka, K. ;

Arqueros, F. ;

Asorey, H. ;

Assis, P. ;

Aublin, J. ;

Ave, M. ;

Avila, G. ;

Baecker, T. ;

Badagnani, D. ;

Balzer, M. ;

Barber, K. B. ;

Barbosa, A. F. ;

Barroso, S. L. C. ;

Baughman, B. ;

Bauleo, P. ;

Beatty, J. J. ;

Becker, B. R. ;

Becker, K. H. ;

Belletoile, A. ;

Bellido, J. A. ;

BenZvi, S. ;

Berat, C. ;

Bergmann, T. ;

Bertou, X. ;

Biermann, P. L. ;

Billoir, P. ;

Blanch-Bigas, O. ;

Blanco, F. ;

Blanco, M. ;

Bleve, C. ;

Bluemer, H. ;

Bohacova, M. ;

Boncioli, D. ;

Bonifazi, C. ;

Bonino, R. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2010, 104 (09)

[4] Limitations on the photo-disintegration process as a source of VHE photons [J].

Aharonian, Felix ;

Taylor, Andrew M. .

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 2010, 34 (05) :258-266

[5] GZK neutrinos after the Fermi-LAT diffuse photon flux measurement [J].

Ahlers, M. ;

Anchordoqui, L. A. ;

Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C. ;

Halzen, F. ;

Sarkar, S. .

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 2010, 34 (02) :106-115

[6] Neutrino diagnostics of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray protons [J].

Ahlers, Markus ;

Anchordoqui, Luis A. ;

Sarkar, Subir .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2009, 79 (08)

[7] TeV γ rays and neutrinos from photodisintegration of nuclei in Cygnus OB2 [J].

Anchordoqui, Luis A. ;

Beacom, John F. ;

Goldberg, Haim ;

Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio ;

Weiler, Thomas J. .

PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2007, 75 (06)

[8]

[Anonymous], PHYS REV D

[9] Cosmogenic neutrinos from ultra-high energy nuclei [J].

Ave, M ;

Busca, N ;

Olinto, AV ;

Watson, AA ;

Yamamoto, T .

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 2005, 23 (01) :19-29

[10] Restricting UHECRs and cosmogenic neutrinos with Fermi-LAT [J].

Berezinsky, V. ;

Gazizov, A. ;

Kachelriess, M. ;

Ostapchenko, S. .

PHYSICS LETTERS B, 2011, 695 (1-4) :13-18

← 1 2 3 4 5 →