Long-Term Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes among Primary and Secondary Artificial Urinary Sphincter Implantations in Men with Stress Urinary Incontinence

Purpose: There remains a paucity of data regarding subjective and functional outcomes after artificial urinary sphincter implantation. Therefore, we evaluated long-term differences in quality of life after primary and secondary artificial urinary sphincter surgery. Materials and Methods: Men were invited to participate in a mail-in survey assessing artificial urinary sphincter status, patient satisfaction and urinary control. Patients with primary (467) and secondary (122) artificial urinary sphincter devices without an event were included in the study. Differences between the cohorts including quality of life (10-point scale, maximum 100) and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results: Overall 229 (49%) patients with primary and 49 (40%) with secondary artificial urinary sphincters completed the survey at a median of 8.3 years. Patients with primary and secondary artificial urinary sphincter devices reported similar artificial urinary sphincter quality of life (score 74 vs 74). There were no significant differences in urinary continence outcomes including use of 1 pad or less daily (56% vs 55%), frequency of leakage 1 time or more per day (81% vs 71%) or degree of minimal leakage related bother (64% vs 55%). At less than 5 vs 10 or more years there was a significant reduction in artificial urinary sphincter quality of life (86 vs 73, p = 0.007). Urinary continence also declined with time, including perceived urinary control (85% vs 53%, p = 0.004), minimal leakage related bother (76% vs 59%, p = 0.05) and use of 1 pad or less daily (67% vs 55%, p = 0.07). On univariate analysis no clinical variables, including secondary revision, were associated with satisfaction or continence outcomes. Conclusions: We noted a high level of artificial urinary sphincter quality of life, acceptable urinary control and no difference in functional outcomes between men undergoing primary or secondary artificial urinary sphincter surgery. However, the time related decline in satisfaction and continence highlights the need for patient counseling regarding long-term artificial urinary sphincter functional outcomes.