The Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

The World Resource Institute estimates that by 2050 there will be a shortfall between food being produced and the amount needed to feed an estimated 10 billion people. With the quantity of available arable land on the decline, the scarcity of water and limiting factors and growing challenges such as soil quality, pest and weed infestations, it is increasingly important that innovative approaches to food production are implemented to optimise agricultural practices. This paper presents a systematic literature reviewaimed at exploring the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture. A total of 50 articles were identified and analysed according to the PRISMA approach to understanding the current applications, challenges, and future benefits of AI and IoT in agriculture and how it has the potential to reduce resource wastage and assist in feeding the world's growing population. Based on the data, it is expected that this review will serve as a reference to supplement the reader's knowledge of AI and IoT in the agricultural industry.