The face of another: anonymity and facial symmetry influence cooperation in social dilemmas

被引:3
作者
Rodriguez-Ruiz, Claudia [1 ]
Sanchez-Pages, Santiago [2 ]
Turiegano, Enrique [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, Madrid 28029, Spain
[2] Univ Barcelona, Sch Econ, C John M Keynes 1-11, Barcelona 08034, Spain
关键词
Cooperation; Prisoner's dilemma; Anonymous interactions; Fluctuating asymmetry; Facial masculinity; 2D:4D; 4TH DIGIT RATIO; ULTIMATUM GAME; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX-HORMONES; BEHAVIOR; TESTOSTERONE; CUES; FAIRNESS; BEAUTY;
D O I
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.09.002
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
In the present paper, we study how the morphological features related to developmental physiology of other participants influence the decision to cooperate in a social dilemma. To that end, we let a large sample of men play a prisoner's dilemma game, both anonymously and against a series of counterparts whose photographs were shown. We focus on three characteristics already linked to cooperative behavior and with described effects on the adult facial shape: facial fluctuating asymmetry, a frequently employed but debated proxy for developmental instability; the degree of facial dimorphism, related to levels of testosterone during puberty; and the second to fourth digit ratio, related to relative prenatal testosterone exposure. We find significantly higher cooperation rates in anonymous interactions than in the non-anonymous round. We also find that individuals are more likely to cooperate with more asymmetric counterparts, and that more asymmetric participants were less likely to believe that their counterpart would cooperate. Variables related to exposure to testosterone during development do not display any effect. We conclude by discussing how out-of-the-game rewards can explain our results.
引用
收藏
页码:126 / 132
页数:7
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