Using Gratitude to Promote Positive Change: A Series of Meta-Analyses Investigating the Effectiveness of Gratitude Interventions

Gratitude interventions have been proposed as beneficial practices for improving myriad positive outcomes, and are promoted in self-help literature. The current work examined gratitude interventions' effects with meta-analytic techniques to synthesize findings of thirty-eight studies, totaling 282 effect sizes. Fifty-six separate meta-analyses examined outcome effects for: gratitude versus neutral comparison at postintervention and delayed follow-up; gratitude versus negative comparison at post and follow-up; and gratitude versus positive comparison at post and follow-up. Results show that gratitude interventions can lead to improvements for numerous outcomes, including happiness, but do not influence others. Their unique benefits may be overemphasized in the literature.