A Comparison of the Cytotoxicity and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production of EndoSequence Root Repair Material and ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Human Osteoblast Cell Culture Using Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity and cytokine expression profiles of EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM; Brasseler, Savannah, GA) putty, ERRM flowable, and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN) using osteoblast cells (MG-63). methods: Four millimeters in diameter of each material was placed in the center of a 6-well culture plate, and a 2-mL suspension (10(5) cells/mL) of human osteoblasts was seeded in each well. Photomicrograph images were used to evaluate cytotoxicity as evidenced by the lack of osteoblast cell growth in relation to the materials with AH-26 (Dentsply Tulsa Dental) as the positive control. In addition, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Cytokine expression of MG-63 cells upon lipopolysaccharide treatment was used as controls. RT-PCR results were normalized by the expression of the housekeeping gene beta-actin and were used to measure cytokine expression. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. Results: Results showed that ERRM putty and MTA exhibited minimal levels of cytotoxicity; however, ERRM was slightly more cytotoxic although not statistically significant. The expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 was detected in all samples with minimal TNF-alpha expression. Conclusions: We concluded that ERRM and MTA showed similar cytotoxicity and cytokine expressions. (J Endod 2012;38:486-489)