Salvage of a femoral nonunion after primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone: A case report and literature review

Background: With the advent of superb microsurgery techniques and advanced stabilization instruments, recent decades have seen great progress in treating nonunions secondary to traumatic fractures. However, those nonunions that are secondary to primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone and often related to irradiation still remain a challenging problem. The condition could be more perplexing when bone healing abilities are greatly compromised and reliable stabilization is difficult. Case Report: We performed an operation using free vascularized fibular graft in combination with a locking plate on a 47-year-old female patient who had suffered from a three-year femoral nonunion after courses of radiochemotherapy for the treatment of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone, a spontaneous femoral shaft fracture, an intramedullary nailing, and some nonoperative interventions in sequence. Primary union of the graft was obtained at 9 months without wound infection. No recurrence of lymphoma occurred in the 61-month follow-up, nor did a stress fracture or failure of fixation. Limb salvage was achieved and the range of motion of the adjacent joints was acceptable. Conclusions: Free vascularized fibular graft in combination with a locking plate can effectively enhance bone union in compromised bone and soft tissue milieu. More cases have yet to be further investigated.