We previously showed that cryopreservation of bull spermatozoa in egg yolk Tris extender (EYTG) significantly reduced the intracellular level of thiols. Other studies showed the beneficial effects of adding antioxidants to cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. These studies led us to investigate the effects of various thiols, an important class of antioxidants, on sperm motility of cryopreserved bull semen in a commonly used extender, EYTG. Sperm motility was analyzed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). After thawing, a diluted pool of bull semen was incubated at 38.5 degreesC in airtight tubes with the following thiols for 6 hours: glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence or absence of oxidative stress. The oxidative stress was caused by adding H2O2 (100 muM) to diluted semen. Incubation of diluted bull semen in EYTG at 38.5 degreesC over a period of 6 h decreased sperm motility by similar to9 fold from the start (72 +/- 3, mean +/- SEM, n = 4) to the end (9 +/- 4, n = 4) of the incubation. We found that all thiols to a concentration above 0.5 mM maintained high sperm motility for 6 h in the absence of an external source of oxidative stress (52 +/- 4, for 4 thiols). However, one mM of each thiol was required to efficiently protect sperm motility in the presence of 100 muM of H2O2 for 6 h. We also found that the GSH concentration in diluted semen was too low (muM) to adequately supply exogenous addition of 72 U/mL of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an enzyme that detoxifies H2O2 and hydroperoxides using GSH as a cofactor. In fact, a better protection of sperm motility could be achieved with only 5 U/mL of GPx and 0.1 mM of GSH added to diluted semen. Our results also demonstrated that added GSSG (0.5 mM) in diluted semen was not regenerated efficiently to GSI-I over 6 h. The latter result indicated in the extender that the glutathione redox-cycle was deficient. Therefore, deleterious effects on sperm motility after cryopreservation in EYTG can be counteracted by adding various thiols at mM concentration. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.
