Down syndrome - Developmental, psychiatric, and management issues

Often considered the prototypical retardation syndrome, individuals with Down syndrome show certain behavioral characteristics that may be etiology specific. These individuals show relatively high levels of social and adaptive skills but very low levels of grammar and expressive language, as well as age- and task-related slowings as they get older. Individuals with Down syndrome show lesser degrees of psychopathology during childhood but more depression during adulthood. Higher and earlier risk for Alzheimer's disease is among the most salient associated medical concerns, but hearing, visual, and orthopedic conditions also are common. Specific educational, residential, and psychotherapeutic practices may help this population.