Spatial variability of soil moisture in a mining subsidence area of northwest China

The current study investigated the impact of coal mining on deep soil moisture from the perspective of the absolute value of soil moisture. A combined classical statistics and multi-dimensional geo-statistics approach was employed to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in soil moisture from 0 to 10 m in the mining face of the Nalin River No. 2 Mine in Northwest China from the perspective of spatial variability. The results of the study show that compared with the control area, the average value of soil moisture in 1- and 2-year subsidence areas decreased by 1.18% and 0.96%, respectively, whereas the coefficient of variation increased by 17.92% and 3.63%, respectively. Interpolation of soil moisture spatial distribution results showed that the spatial variability of soil moisture in the control area was less than that in the subsidence areas, and the spatial variability of soil moisture in the 2-year subsidence area was less than that in the 1-year subsidence area, indicating that mining increases the spatial variability of soil moisture and that the degree of spatial variability of soil moisture decreases as the subsidence enters the stable period. These results provide evidence for the mechanism by which coal mining subsidence affects soil moisture. Preferential flow caused by surface cracks, soil texture, the soil pore microstructure, and other factors in the coal mining subsidence area are the primary drivers of the increase in spatial variability of soil moisture.