Fcε-RI-dependent gene expression in human mast cells is differentially controlled by T helper type 2 cytokines

Background: Mast cells (MCs) proliferate in response to T(H)2 cytokines and express genes de novo after activation. Limited information is available concerning the interplay between these events. Objective: We explored the potential for T(H)2 cytokines to alter activation-dependent gene expression by MCs. Methods: Cord blood-derived human (h)MCs maintained in stem cell factor (SCF) alone were compared with replicates treated with IL-4, IL-5, or IL-9, respectively, for their patterns of FeepsilonRI-dependent gene induction using microarray technology. Results: Activation of SCF-treated hMCs upregulated their expression of roughly 140 transcripts at 2 hours, including genes involved in cell cycle progression and arrest. Each cytokine substantially modified this profile; similar to800 inducible genes apiece were controlled by IL-5 or IL-9, whereas 169 inducible genes were controlled by IL-4. IL-4 favored the induction of cytokines and of genes associated with cell growth arrest (GADD34, GAS-1, CIDE-A, INK4D, and BAX) and completely abolished the enhanced proliferation observed in the other 3 groups after activation. Conversely, IL-5 priming induced preferential upregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation and did not abolish thymidine incorporation. Conclusions: T(H)2 cytokines differentially modulate gene induction in hMCs after FcepsilonRI cross-linkage. IL-4 uniquely controls cytokine gene expression by hMCs and might also limit their activation-driven proliferation.