Nitrogen Applications for Wheat Production across Tillage Systems in Alabama

被引:11
作者
Balkcom, K. S. [1 ]
Burmester, C. H. [2 ]
机构
[1] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA
[2] Auburn Univ, Tennessee Valley Res & Extens Ctr, Crop Soil & Environm Sci Dept, Belle Mina, AL 35615 USA
关键词
WINTER-WHEAT; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; NO-TILL; COTTON; SOIL; YIELD; ROTATION; RESIDUE;
D O I
10.2134/agronj14.0132
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Alabama wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farmers are changing management practices, which include using higher N fertilizer rates and planting wheat with no-tillage or other conservation tillage systems to maximize yields. Experiments were conducted to (i) determine the level of tillage necessary to optimize wheat yields across different regions of Alabama and (ii) determine if N requirements change across tillage systems and regions in Alabama at four locations resulting in 9 site-year comparisons. Each experiment consisted of a split-plot design with tillage as the main plot and 12 N fertilizer treatments as subplots, replicated four times to compare Zadoks' Growth Stage (GS)-30 tiller densities, tiller N concentrations, tiller biomass, GS-31 wheat biomass, biomass N concentration, wheat yields, and grain crude protein. Nitrogen treatments consisted of different rates across fall, GS-30, and GS-31 application times. Tillage systems had no effect on tiller density, tiller N concentration, or tiller biomass, but fall N increased tiller density 15% and tiller biomass 34% across Coastal Plain locations. Non-inversion tillage increased wheat yields 13% on Coastal Plain soils compared to conventional tillage. Fall N increased wheat yields 10%, and N applied at GS-30 improved yields 18% compared to delaying application until GS-31, indicating application of fall N and applying total N by GS-30 was imperative for successful wheat production on Coastal Plain soils. Neither tillage system nor N applications affected wheat production extensively across the Limestone Valley. Non-inversion tillage or no-tillage with current recommended N practices can be successfully used in Alabama wheat production.
引用
收藏
页码:425 / 434
页数:10
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