Is non-Helicobacter pylori, non-NSAID peptic ulcer a common cause of upper GI bleeding?: A prospective study of 977 patients

Background: Non-Helicobacter pylori, non-NSAID ulcer is relatively common in Western countries. Whether it is a significant problem in the Orient is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of non-H pylori, non-NSAID ulcers presenting with GI bleeding. Methods: A prospective study was done of 1675 consecutive patients presenting with upper GI bleeding over a period of 12 months. Upper endoscopy was performed with biopsy specimens taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for a biopsy urease test (BUT) and histology for detection of H pylori, Exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or aspirin within 4 weeks of hospitalization was carefully scrutinized. A B-week course of treatment with an H-2-receptor antagonist was prescribed for patients who did not use an NSAID and had a negative BUT result. Follow-up endoscopy was performed to confirm H pylori status with a BUT and histology, Positive histology at either initial or follow-up endoscopy was used as the standard for diagnosing H pylori infection. Results: Among 977 patients who were found to have ulcer bleeding, 434 (44%) had exposure to aspirin or an NSAID, Of the 543 non-NSAID users, 431 (79.4%) had a positive BUT and 112 (20.6%) were BUT negative on initial endoscopy. Eighty-nine of 112 patients who were NSAID negative, BUT negative returned for follow-up endoscopy. Forty-nine of 89 (55.1%) were found to have a positive BUT and positive histology at follow-up endoscopy, Only 40 of 977 (4.1%) patients admitted with ulcer bleeding were confirmed to have non-H pylori, non-NSAID ulcers. Conclusions: Non-H pylori, non-NSAID bleeding ulcer is uncommon. A negative BUT is unreliable for exclusion of H pylori infection during the acute phase of ulcer bleeding.