The use of self-report questionnaires in an analysis of the multidimensional aspects of pain and a correlation with the psychological profile and quality of life in patients with burning mouth syndrome: A case-control study

Background The symptomatology in Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is complex and it should be considered in accordance with a biopsychosocial model. Objectives To evaluate the multidimensional aspects of pain with a complete battery of tests and to analyse its relationship with potential predictors such as mood disorders, sleep and quality of life. Methods Forty patients with BMS versus an equal number of age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. The VAS, SF-MPQ, BPI, PD-Q, BDI-II, STAI, PSQI, ESS, SF-36 and OHIP-14 were administered. Results The scores of the VAS, SF-MPQ, BPI, PD-Q, BDI-II, STAI, PSQI, SF-36 and OHIP-14 were statistically significantly higher in the BMS patients than the controls (p < .001**). A strongly linear correlation between pain (VAS, SF-MPQ, BPI and PD-Q) and disease onset (STAI, BDI-II, PSQI and sub-items of SF-36 and OHIP-14) was found. In the multiple regression analysis, the contributions of the BDI-II and OHIP-14 were found to be statistically significant with the SF-MPQ, PD-Q and BPI in terms of severity and interference, while the contributions of the STAI and sleep were found to be statistically significant with the SF-MPQ and BPI in terms of severity and interference, respectively. Conclusions Pain tests are differently correlated with mood and quality of life. Therefore, a complete analysis of the patient requires several tools to better understand the multidimensional aspects of pain in BMS.