Frequency of Albuminuria in Diabetic Patients Presenting with Macrovascular Complications

Objective: The purpose of this research paper is to determine the frequency of albuminuria in diabetic patients presenting with macrovascular complications. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the Medicine department of Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi for duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: Total hundred patients of both genders had diabetic mellitus with macrovascular complications were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-60 years. Patients' detailed demographics including age, sex, body mass index and blood pressure were recorded after taking informed written consent. Two tests were performed for albuminuria, one was heating method of albumin detection in a test tube and second was dipstick method. An albumin level more than 30mg was judged significant in a hospital laboratory study using 24-hour urine protein samples. SPSS 25.0 version was used to analyze the complete data. Results: Mean age of the patients was 45.19 +/- 9.88 years with mean BMI 29.18 +/- 6.71 kg/m(2). Majority of the patients 58 (58%) were males and 42 (42%) were females. Mean duration of diabetes was 4.3 +/- 4.8 years. 17 (17%) had diabetes type 1 and 83 (83%) cases had diabetes type-2. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients were 148.6 +/- 29.8 and 95.4 +/- 14.52 mmHg. Prevalence of albumin was found among 89 (89%) patients by using heating method of urine in test tube and 45 (45%) was found by using dipstick method. We found that most of the patients had troponin-T positive myocardial infarction 56 (56%), followed by ischaemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) 27 (27%) and 17 (17%) patients had haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusion: In this research we concluded that frequency of albumin in diabetic patients with macrovascular complications were significantly high. Diabetes mellitus is one of the key risk factor predicting macrovascular consequences such as myocardial infarction and cardiovascular illnesses.