Sex differences in oxidative stress after eccentric and concentric exercise

Objectives: Comparison of redox balance changes in the blood of women and men as a result of submaximal eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CONC) efforts. Methods: 10 women and 10 men performed three 45-minute submaximal treadmill runs at constant velocities (downhill run - ECC, uphill run - CONC and level run). Prior to the 45-minute exercises, after their completion and following 24 hours of recovery, the concentration of lactate, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), 3-nitrotyrosine, uric acid (UA) and the white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte content in the blood were determined. Results: In women, the ox-LDL increased significantly 10 minutes and 24 hours following ECC (P<0.05). 10 minutes after ECC, in women, there was an increase in WBC, NEUT and LYMPH (P<0.05). In the men, WBC and NEUT increased significantly 24 hours after CONC and ECC (P<0.05). UA in each determination was higher in the men than the women (P<0.05). Discussion: ECC cause impaired redox balance only in women. Due to the increase in antioxidant capacity of the blood without accompanying oxidative damage to macromolecules, for both sexes, it is recommended to perform concentric running efforts at the highest possible subliminal intensity.