Laparoscopic repair of female genitourinary fistulae: 10-year single-center experience

Introduction and hypothesis Laparoscopic repair of different female genitourinary fistulae has been recently reported, including both conventional and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS). We present our 10-year single-center experience of the laparoscopic repair of different types of female genitourinary fistulae. Methods A retrospective analysis of our records over the last 10 years was performed. Type of fistula, etiology, laparoscopic approach, operative data, postoperative outcome, and follow-up were recorded. Results Overall, 46 patients with laparoscopic repair of genitourinary fistulae were reported: 25 had vesicovaginal fistulae (VVF), 14 had vesicouterine fistulae (VUF), and 7 had ureterovaginal fistulae (UVF). Thirty-three patients had conventional laparoscopic repair, whereas 7 VVF and 6 VUF had LESS repair. In all patients with VVF and VUF, extravesical repair was carried out by excising the fistulous tract and closing both the bladder and the vagina or the uterus with interposing tissue in-between. In patients with UVF, extravesical ureteric re-implantation was performed. Mean operative time was 176 +/- 25 min. Mean blood loss was 105 +/- 25 cc. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. None was converted to open surgery. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.2 +/- 1.2 days. After a mean follow-up of 6.3 +/- 3.1 years, all patients had undergone successful repair, except for one patient with complex VVF. Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of VVF, VUF, and UVF is a feasible procedure with a high success rate and low morbidity. LESS repair of VVF and VUF has a comparable success rate to conventional laparoscopy, but with a shorter hospital stay and fewer analgesic requirements.