Statistical theory of charge state distributions of channeled heavy ions

On the basis of the kinetic equations, a theory of transmission of multiply charged heavy ions through crystals is developed. It takes into account both diffusion in transverse momentum and charge exchange. The theory gives an adequate description of observed angular distributions of heavy ions transmitted through a crystal, allows calculation of the partial angular distributions of the various charge states, and gives a physical explanation of the so called cooling maxima and the heating minima in the angular distributions. The occurrence of cooling or heating effects and the detailed structure of the angular distribution depend on both the impact parameter dependence of the probabilities for electron capture and loss and on the relative contributions from different charge states. Since the angular distributions can be very different for different charge states, the structure of the total distribution can be quite complex.