The three-dimensional glenoid vault model can estimate normal glenoid version in osteoarthritis

Glenohumeral arthroplasty con involve correcting pathologic glenoid tilt or version. Predicting the physiologic glenoid version for a particular individual can be difficult. We propose using a previously validated, 3-dimensional, glenoid vault model as a template to predict normal glenoid version. Computed tomography scans of both shoulders were obtained in 14 subjects with,unilateral glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Custom-developed graphic software was used to create a 3-D reconstruction of each scapula. Within the software, the vault model was placed in a best-fit orientation into each glenoid vault independently by 3 observers who were blinded to the contralateral scapula. Measurement differences between the glenoid and vault model were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Standard errors of measurement (SEM) were calculated. Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were assessed. The healthy glenoid version averaged -7.0 degrees (SEM, 0.7 degrees; range, 0 degrees to -14 degrees). The arthritic glenoid version averaged -15.6 degrees (SEM, 0.7 degrees; range, 1 degrees to -33 degrees; P <.0001). The version of the implanted vault model measured -7.1 degrees (SEM, 0.7 degrees; range, -1 degrees to -15 degrees) on the healthy side and -7.2 degrees (SEM, 0.7 degrees; range -2 degrees to -11 degrees) on the arthritic side. Measurements between observers were not significantly different (P=.98). Interobserver and intraobserver correlation coefficients were 0.79 (P <.001) and 0.80 P <.001). In the arthritic glenoid, the vault model reproducibly closely approximated the version of the normal contralateral glen aid, -7.2 degrees vs -7.0 degrees (P=.99) and, is a novel and accurate method of estimating the normal glenoid version. This technique may be valuable in correcting pathologic glenoid version due to arthritis.