Complications of spine surgery for metastasis

The spinal column represents the third most common site for metastases after the lungs and the liver, and the most common site for metastatic bone disease. With life-extending advances in the systemic treatment of cancer patients, the surgical procedures performed for spinal metastases will increase, and their related complications will increase unavoidably. Furthermore, considering the high complication rates reported in the spinal literature regarding spine surgery overall, it becomes clear that a better understanding of complications that the cancer patients with spinal metastases may experience is necessary. This article aims to summarize and critically examine the current evidence for complications after spine surgery for metastatic spinal disease, in both the perioperative and postoperative period. This paper would be useful for the treating physicians of these patients in their clinical practice.