How does an industry reduce waste and consumed energy within a multi-stage smart sustainable biofuel production system?

A smart multi-stage biofuel production system may be used for reduction of energy and waste. The basic traditional multi-stage biofuel production system can be transferred into a sustainable smart production system by utilizing smart machines, skilled labors, and reduced energy consumption. The biofuel can save the amount of existing fuel demand. For this aim, the model studies a smart multi-stage production system to produce the pure biofuel with less amount of energy consumption and carbon emission. The work-in-process inventory is calculated for different costs including energy and carbon emission cost. To reduce carbon emission and energy consumption, the smart production with a variable production rate is utilized to make the production system controllable such that the percentage of impure biofuel is reduced. Even though a smart production is utilized, still impure biofuel is produced with a random production rate. The impure biofuel is remanufactured again to make as perfect. The total cost is minimized globally with the help of the classical optimization technique. A quasi-closed form of the solution is obtained for each decision variable. Four numerical experiments are conducted to validate the model. Two special cases are provided to prove the necessity of smart production and investment. It is found that the amount of impure biofuel really can be minimized by using the proposed strategy through the reduced renewable energy consumption. The sensitivity analysis and the graphical representation give the effect of each parameter with the total cost of the model. Numerical results prove a major effect on the renewable energy in a sustainable smart production system. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.