[1] Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Jinan 250101, Peoples R China
[2] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Min Disaster Prevent & Control, Qingdao, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Infrastruct & Environm, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland
[4] Shandong Univ, Geotech & Struct Engn Res Ctr, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China