Ectopic varices

One manifestation of portal hypertension, gastroesophageal varices, accounts for significant morbidity and mortality caused by bleeding in this patient population. Although uncommon, ectopic varices can involve any other part of the GI tract and are challenging for clinicians to identify, diagnose, and manage. Missing or misinterpreting these lesions can carry grave consequences, and the management options for these lesions are unclear in the literature. In this article, we review the vascular anatomy of the portal venous system, the etiologies of portal hypertension, and the parts of the GI tract that could be involved with ectopic varices. Different diagnostic modalities as well as pharmacologic, endoscopic, angiographic, and surgical management options are discussed.