Concentrations and specific loads of brominated flame retardants in sewage sludge

被引：55

作者：

Kupper, Thomas ^{[1
]}

de Alencastro, Luiz Felippe ^{[2
]}

Gatsigazi, Revocat ^{[2
]}

Furrer, Reinhard ^{[3
]}

Grandjean, Dominique ^{[2
]}

Tarradellas, Joseph ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] SCA, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland

[2] ENAC ISTE GE, Cent Environm Analyt Lab, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[3] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA

来源：

CHEMOSPHERE | 2008年 / 71卷 / 06期

关键词：

sources; wastewater treatment plant; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; hexabromocyclododecane; flux;

D O I：

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.019

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Many substances related to human activities end up in wastewater and accumulate in sewage sludge. The present study focuses on two classes of brominated flame retardants: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE28, BDE47, BDE49, BDE66, BDE85, BDE99, BDE100, BDE119, BDE138, BDE153, BDE154, BDE183, BDE209) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) detected in sewage sludge collected from a monitoring network in Switzerland. Mean concentrations (n=16 wastewater treatment plants) were 310, 149, 95 and 17 mu g per kg dry matter for decaBDE, HBCD, penta- and octaBDE, respectively. These numbers correspond well with other studies from European countries. DecaBDE, HBCD, penta- and octaBDE showed average specific loads (load per connected inhabitant per year) in sludge of 6.1, 3.3, 2.0 and 0.3 mg cap (- 1) yr (- 1) respectively. This is in line with consumption and storage of the compounds in the environment and the anthroposphere. Discrepancies observed for octaBDE and HBCD can be explained by the release from materials where these compounds are incorporated in and/or their degradation during anaerobic sludge treatment. Loads from different types of monitoring sites showed that brominated flame retardants ending up in sewage sludge originate mainly from surface runoff, industrial and domestic wastewater. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1173 / 1180

页数：8

共 42 条

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