Neighborhood context and racial/ethnic disparities in judicial processing

被引:12
作者
Donnelly, Ellen A. [1 ]
Asiedu, Christen O. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Delaware, Dept Sociol & Criminal Justice, Smith Hall 322 18,Amstel Ave, Newark, DE 19716 USA
来源
SOCIOLOGY COMPASS | 2020年 / 14卷 / 09期
关键词
DISPROPORTIONATE MINORITY CONTACT; AREAL UNIT PROBLEM; RACIAL THREAT; PREADJUDICATION DETENTION; CRIMINAL-JUSTICE; SOCIAL-CONTEXT; RACE; BLACK; CRIME; ETHNICITY;
D O I
10.1111/soc4.12822
中图分类号
C91 [社会学];
学科分类号
030301 ; 1204 ;
摘要
This article examines the importance of neighborhoods in shaping judicial processing and racial/ethnic disparities in court outcomes. Scholarship instructs that court actors-prosecutors, defense counsel, and judges-make legal decisions with local communities in mind. With the rise of geographic information in arrest records and mapping techniques, greater opportunities exist to evaluate the role of neighborhood context in the juvenile and criminal courts. This article synthesizes research on how the characteristics of neighborhoods where defendants live and/or offend influence judicial processing. Attention is given to how scholars define neighborhoods, identify key neighborhood conditions, and analyze the relationships among places and judicial decisions. Emphasis is also placed on unpacking debates on whether neighborhood conditions diminish or aggravate racial/ethnic disparities in court outcomes, such as incarceration decisions. Its analysis reveals findings of neighborhood effects as well as evidence of neighborhood characteristics widening racial/ethnic differences in judicial processing. This article thus encourages the consideration of community context in disparity studies and policy efforts to improve citizens' access to justice.
引用
收藏
页数:17
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