Differences between otolith- and semicircular canal-activated neural circuitry in the vestibular system

被引:109
作者
Uchino, Yoshio [1 ]
Kushiro, Keisuke [2 ]
机构
[1] Hlth Serv Facil Elderly, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3340059, Japan
[2] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Human & Environm Studies, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
关键词
Otolith; Saccules; Utricles; Semicircular canal; Selective stimulation; Vestibular neuron; Vestibular reflex; INHIBITORY VESTIBULOCOLLIC NEURONS; EVOKED MYOGENIC POTENTIALS; NECK FLEXOR MOTONEURONS; HORIZONTAL VESTIBULOOCULAR REFLEX; VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT AXONS; BONE-CONDUCTED VIBRATION; FRONTAL-EYED ANIMALS; CAT ABDUCENS NUCLEUS; CERVICAL SPINAL-CORD; OCULAR MOTO-NEURONS;
D O I
10.1016/j.neures.2011.09.001
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
In the last two decades, we have focused on establishing a reliable technique for focal stimulation of vestibular receptors to evaluate neural connectivity. Here, we summarize the vestibular-related neuronal circuits for the vestibulo-ocular reflex, vestibulocollic reflex, and vestibulospinal reflex arcs. The focal stimulating technique also uncovered some hidden neural mechanisms. In the otolith system, we identified two hidden neural mechanisms that enhance otolith receptor sensitivity. The first is commissural inhibition, which boosts sensitivity by incorporating inputs from bilateral otolith receptors, the existence of which was in contradiction to the classical understanding of the otolith system but was observed in the utricular system. The second mechanism, cross-striolar inhibition, intensifies the sensitivity of inputs from both sides of receptive cells across the striola in a single otolith sensor. This was an entirely novel finding and is typically observed in the saccular system. We discuss the possible functional meaning of commissural and cross-striolar inhibition. Finally, our focal stimulating technique was applied to elucidate the different constructions of axonal projections from each vestibular receptor to the spinal cord. We also discuss the possible function of the unique neural connectivity observed in each vestibular receptor system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:315 / 327
页数:13
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