Occurrence, source identification and potential risk evaluation of heavy metals in sediments of the Hunza River and its tributaries, Gilgit-Baltistan

被引:47
作者
Ahmad, Kashif [1 ]
Muhammad, Said [1 ,2 ]
Ali, Wajid [2 ]
Jadoon, Ishtiaq A. K. [1 ]
Rasool, Atta [3 ]
机构
[1] COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
[2] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
[3] COMSATS Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Islamabad CUI, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
关键词
Hunza River; Contamination factor; Pollution load index; Ecological risk index; Statistical analyses; HEALTH-RISK; DRINKING-WATER; TOXIC ELEMENTS; CONTAMINATION; POLLUTION; BASIN; ACCUMULATION; RESERVOIR; PAKISTAN; MERCURY;
D O I
10.1016/j.eti.2020.100700
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
The present study examined heavy metals concentrations in sediments of the Hunza River and its tributaries, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. For this purpose, surface sediments were sampled from the Hunza River and its tributaries along with the three main geological units i.e. Wakhan Block (upstream), Karakoram Block (midstream) and Kohistan Block (downstream). Heavy metals concentrations in each sample were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer, USA). Results showed the highest mean concentration for iron (Fe, 44400 mg/kg) and the lowest was observed for cadmium (Cd, 0.62 mg/kg). Heavy metals concentration showed an increasing trend in sediments with the downward flow and resulted in higher values along the Kohistan Block (downstream) and lowest in the Wakhan Block (upstream). Determined heavy metals concentration were evaluated for the pollution quantification factors. The values of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) showed heavy metals contaminations in the sediment of the Hunza River and its tributaries. The highest (175) values of ecological risk index (ERI) were observed for Cd and classified at a moderate-risk level to the aquatic ecosystem. Statistical analyses revealed that natural denudation of bedrock and mineralized zone led to heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Hunza River and its tributaries with lesser input from anthropogenic activities. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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页数:8
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