A critical review of front-loading: A maladaptive drinking pattern driven by alcohol's rewarding effects

被引：27
作者：
Ardinger, Cherish E. [1 ,2 ]
Lapish, Christopher C. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Czachowski, Cristine L. [1 ,2 ]
Grahame, Nicholas J. [1 ,2 ]
机构：
[1] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Psychol, Addict Neurosci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
[2] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indiana Alcohol Res Ctr, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
[3] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Stark Neurosci Res Inst, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
来源：
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH | 2022年 / 46卷 / 10期
关键词：
alcohol; alcohol use disorder; drinking patterns; front-loading; high-intensity drinking; motivation; tolerance; INCENTIVE-SENSITIZATION THEORY; ETHANOL DRINKING; LOCOMOTOR SENSITIZATION; INTERMITTENT ACCESS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; UNITED-STATES; USE DISORDER; TOLERANCE; CONSUMPTION; BEHAVIOR;
D O I：
10.1111/acer.14924
中图分类号：
R194 [卫生标准、卫生检查、医药管理];
学科分类号：
摘要：
Front-loading is a drinking pattern in which alcohol intake is skewed toward the onset of reward access. This phenomenon has been reported across several different alcohol self-administration protocols in a wide variety of species, including humans. The hypothesis of the current review is that front-loading emerges in response to the rewarding effects of alcohol and can be used to measure the motivation to consume alcohol. Alternative or additional hypotheses that we consider and contrast with the main hypothesis are that: (1) front-loading is directed at overcoming behavioral and/or metabolic tolerance and (2) front-loading is driven by negative reinforcement. Evidence for each of these explanations is reviewed. We also consider how front-loading has been evaluated statistically in previous research and make recommendations for defining this intake pattern in future studies. Because front-loading may predict long-term maladaptive alcohol drinking patterns leading to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), several future directions are proposed to elucidate the relationship between front-loading and AUD.
引用
收藏
页码：1772 / 1782
页数：11
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