Manufacturing of Clayey Bricks by Synergistic Use of Waste Brick and Ceramic Powders as Partial Replacement of Clay

Clay bricks are extensively used as building material worldwide. Natural soil deposits are in constant reduction due to the frequent use of clay to manufacture bricks. About 1600 billion bricks are produced annually by the consumption of millions of tons of natural resources. The prime focus of this study is to assess the feasibility of using a composite mixture of waste brick powder (WBP) and waste ceramic powder (WCP) as a replacement for depleting natural resource "clay" in brick manufacturing. Based upon the previous studies, the replacement levels were kept as (4 + 5)%, (8 + 10)%, and (12 + 15)% of WCP and WBP, respectively. The brick specimens were evaluated in terms of compressive strength, modulus of rupture, density, water absorption, efflorescence, apparent porosity, resistance to chemical attack and sulfate attack, and freeze-thaw resistance. The study reveals that about 27% of clay can be replaced with ceramic waste powder and waste brick powder, which can preserve a massive amount of natural clay without compromising the quality of the bricks.