Multiple motives for participating in adventure sports

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to explore possible multiple motives for participation in different adventure sports. Design: Qualitative design, specifically an inductive-deductive approach informed by reversal theory, was used to analyze participation motivation data. Method: Data was collected using the Scanlan Collaborative Interview Method (SCIM; Scanlan, Russell, Wilson, & Scanlan, 2003). Participants were very experienced adventure sport participants involved in riversurfing, mountain biking, kayaking, mountain climbing and hang gliding. Results: The results indicated that the participants' motivation was multifaceted. While some participants shared common motives, these were often described in different orders of importance by different participants. The range of motives for adventure sport participation found included: goal achievement, risk taking, social motivation, escape from boredom, pushing personal boundaries and overcoming fear, is well as connecting with the natural environment, and pleasurable kinaesthetic bodily sensations from moving in water or air. Conclusions: The authors argue for a continuation of a recent trend to provide a more comprehensive picture of the complexities of human motivation for participation in adventure sports which go beyond excitement- or thrill-seeking behaviour. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.