Cerebral Salt-wasting Syndrome in a Critically Ill Patient: An Easily Neglected Syndrome in Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Background: Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS), which usually secondary to cerebral diseases, is characterized by hyponatremia and hypovolemia. In clinical practice, it is quite difficult to distinguish CSWS from other hyponatremia syndrome, especially in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where the conditions of patients are more complicated. Nonetheless, it is crucial because treatments might be fundamentally different. Case presentation: We discuss a case of patient who presented with refractory hyponatremia and hypovolemia after traumatic brain injury, finally was diagnosed with CSWS, and successfully treated with corticotropin. Conclusions: This case report provides a unique opportunity to observe the trigger of subdural effusion-induced CSWS, and also it provides the classical therapy for CSWS in a critically ill patient. In view of the difficulty to tell CSWS from other similar diseases in ICU, ICU doctors should be aware of such condition.