New analytical methods for the determination of sulfur species with microextraction techniques: a review

This review discusses microextraction methods that have been published over the past twenty years for the determination of organic and inorganic sulfur species. The main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed microextraction methods for the determination of sulfur species are presented. The methods are compared in regard to several analytical parameters, such as sensitivity, selectivity and compliance with the requirements of green chemistry. The rate of occurrence of the selected types of microextraction methods and detection techniques is also discussed. Microextraction methods are often used to determine various organic sulfur species. These methods are primarily SPME and HS-SPME, which combine well with chromatographic techniques, especially GC-MS, GC-FID and HILIC-MS. Liquid microextraction methods, such as HS-SDME, DLLME and DI-SDME, are most often used to determine inorganic sulfur species and are combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, less often with HPLC or GC. Microextraction is an effective method for the determination of organic and inorganic sulfur species in real samples with a complex matrix. DLLME, HS-SDME and HS-SPME microextraction seem to us to be the most promising for the development of new methods for the determination of various sulfur species.