Reduced methacholine-induced submandibular salivary secretion in rats with experimental periodontitis

Objective: Saliva is the first barrier to the entry of bacteria and viruses into the body and is considered a necessary instrument in oral health. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide endotoxins results in submandibular gland (SMG) hyposalivation. The objective of present studies was to assess if periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by oral bacteria, alters cholinergic-induced SMG salivary secretion. Design: An experimental periodontitis model (EP) (cotton thread ligature around the neck of the first lower molars) was used. Male Wistar rats (300-380 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, 7 days-bilateral EP and 7 days-unilateral EP (to study if there were different effects at the ipsilateral and contralateral side). The following determinations were performed in SMG: (1) dose-response curves to the cholinergic agonist methacholine, (2) prostaglandin E (PGE) content, (3) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and (4) histology of gland sections. Results: The molars with EP, no matter the group, exhibited significant and similar bone loss (p < 0.001). Bilateral EP reduced methacholine-induced salivary secretion (p < 0.05, dose 1 mu g/kg; p < 0.001, dose 3-30 mu g/kg), increased PGE content (p < 0.01), stimulated iNOS activity (p < 0.05). Ipsilateral glands of unilateral EP animals presented lower methacholine-induced salivary secretion (p < 0.05, dose 3 mu g/kg; p < 0.001, dose 10-30 mu g/kg), and higher PGE content than contralaterals (p < 0.001). In turn, at 3 and 10 mu g/kg of methacholine, contralateral glands showed significantly lower secretion than control animals (p < 0.001). Histological studies of glands revealed partial loss of secretor granular material and periductal oedema in the bilateral and unilateral EP groups as compared to controls. Conclusions: As far as we know, the present results demonstrate for the first time that EP reduces methacholine-induced SMG salivary secretion. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.