Evaluation of Oxidant/Antioxidant System, IL-6 and IL-10 Parameters and SOD-Enzyme Activity in Pregnancy with Down Syndrome in Amnion Fluid Analysis

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) can be diagnosed with prenatal invasive diagnostic tests to the risky population. In this study, it was aimed to propound the status of the oxidant/antioxidant system and interleukin-6 (IL-6)/interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the amniotic fluids of pregnant women with DS diagnosed child by amniocentesis method. Methods: According to the results of the genetic examination of the amniotic fluid obtained from the pregnant women who have been admitted to Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Genetic Center, and have undergone amniocentesis, amniotic fluid of 18 pregnant women who are carrying babies with DS and amniotic fluid of 36 pregnant women with healthy babies were included in the study under two groups. Study group (Group 1) consists of the amniotic fluid of the pregnant women carrying babies with DS while control group (Group 2) consists of the amniotic fluid of the pregnant women carrying healthy babies. In the samples taken, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and xanthine oxidase (XO), catalase (CAT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been determined by spectrophotometric methods, as the measurements of IL-6 and IL-10 tests were carried out by ELISA method. In statistical evaluation, Student's t test and spearman correlation analysis were used. Results for P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: According to the findings of the study, SOD level in Group 1 increased statistically significantly when compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). However, CAT and IL-6 in Group 1 were found to be statistically significantly reduced compared to Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of MDA, GSH-Px, XO, NO, NOS, ADA and IL-10 levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, SOD enzyme activity was found to be increased in the group with DS. We think that SOD gene localized on the 21st chromosome caused this result. In addition, compared to the control group, the absence of CAT and GSH-Px in the amniotic fluids of pregnant women carrying babies with DS, that can eliminate the excessive amount of H2O2 caused by the activity of the SOD enzyme causes a serious oxidative stress. In parallel with these data, using the SOD enzyme as a marker in prenatal diagnosis can be a useful approach. For this purpose, further studies should be carried out with higher numbers.