The end of gonad-centric sex determination in mammals

被引：129
作者：
Arnold, Arthur P. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Brain Res Inst, Neuroendocrinol Lab, Dept Integrat Biol & Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
来源：
TRENDS IN GENETICS | 2012年 / 28卷 / 02期
关键词：
CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT; X-CHROMOSOME; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOSAGE COMPENSATION; MOUSE-BRAIN; ADULT; SRY; DIFFERENTIATION; INACTIVATION; MICE;
D O I：
10.1016/j.tig.2011.10.004
中图分类号：
Q3 [遗传学];
学科分类号：
071007 ; 090102 ;
摘要：
The 20th-century theory of mammalian sex determination states that the embryo is sexually indifferent until the differentiation of gonads, after which sex differences in phenotype are caused by the differential effects of gonadal hormones. However, this theory is inadequate because some sex differences precede differentiation of the gonads and/or are determined by non-gonadal effects of the sexual inequality in the number and type of sex chromosomes. In this article, I propose a general theory of sex determination, which recognizes multiple parallel primary sex-determining pathways initiated by genes or factors encoded by the sex chromosomes. The separate sex-specific pathways interact to synergize with or antagonize each other, enhancing or reducing sex differences in phenotype.
引用
收藏
页码：55 / 61
页数：7
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