Amazon forest response to repeated droughts

被引：204

作者：

Feldpausch, T. R. ^{[1
]}

Phillips, O. L. ^{[2
]}

Brienen, R. J. W. ^{[2
]}

Gloor, E. ^{[2
]}

Lloyd, J. ^{[3
,4
]}

Lopez-Gonzalez, G. ^{[2
]}

Monteagudo-Mendoza, A. ^{[5
]}

Malhi, Y. ^{[6
]}

Alarcon, A. ^{[7
]}

Alvarez Davila, E. ^{[8
]}

Alvarez-Loayza, P. ^{[9
]}

Andrade, A. ^{[10
]}

Aragao, L. E. O. C. ^{[1
,11
]}

Arroyo, L. ^{[12
]}

Aymard C., G. A. ^{[13
]}

Baker, T. R. ^{[2
]}

Baraloto, C. ^{[14
,15
]}

Barroso, J. ^{[16
]}

Bonal, D. ^{[17
]}

Castro, W. ^{[18
]}

Chama, V. ^{[5
]}

Chave, J. ^{[19
]}

Domingues, T. F. ^{[20
]}

Fauset, S. ^{[2
]}

Groot, N. ^{[2
]}

Coronado, E. Honorio ^{[2
]}

Laurance, S. ^{[21
,22
]}

Laurance, W. F. ^{[21
,22
]}

Lewis, S. L. ^{[2
,23
]}

Licona, J. C. ^{[7
]}

Marimon, B. S. ^{[24
]}

Marimon-Junior, B. H. ^{[24
]}

Mendoza Bautista, C. ^{[25
]}

Neill, D. A. ^{[26
]}

Oliveira, E. A. ^{[24
]}

Oliveira dos Santos, C. ^{[24
]}

Pallqui Camacho, N. C. ^{[5
]}

Pardo-Molina, G. ^{[27
]}

Prieto, A. ^{[28
]}

Quesada, C. A. ^{[10
]}

Ramirez, F. ^{[29
]}

Ramirez-Angulo, H. ^{[30
]}

Rejou-Mechain, M. ^{[19
]}

Rudas, A. ^{[28
]}

Saiz, G. ^{[31
]}

Salomao, R. P. ^{[32
]}

Silva-Espejo, J. E. ^{[5
]}

Silveira, M. ^{[16
]}

ter Steege, H. ^{[33
]}

Stropp, J. ^{[34
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Geog, Exeter, Devon, England

[2] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England

[3] Imperial Coll London, Dept Life Sci, Ascot, Berks, England

[4] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld, Australia

[5] Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cuzco, Peru

[6] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford, England

[7] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

[8] Fdn Con Vida, Medellin, Colombia

[9] Duke Univ, Ctr Trop Conservat, Durham, NC USA

[10] Natl Inst Res Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

[11] Natl Inst Space Res, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[12] Univ Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

[13] Herbario Univ PORT, UNELLEZ Guanare, Programa Ciencias Agro & Mar, Guanare, Venezuela

[14] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Miami, FL 33199 USA

[15] INRA, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana

[16] Univ Fed Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil

[17] INRA, UMR Ecol & Ecophysiol Forestiere 1137, Champenoux, France

[18] Acre Fed Univ, Grad Program Ecol & Management Nat Resources, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil

[19] Univ Toulouse 3, UMR Evolut & Diversite Biol 5174, CNRS, Toulouse, France

[20] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

[21] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns, Qld, Australia

[22] James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Cairns, Qld, Australia

[23] UCL, Dept Geog, London, England

[24] Univ Estado Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil

[25] Manejo Forestal Tierras Trop Bolivia, FOMABO, Sacta, Bolivia

[26] Univ Estatal Amazon, Fac Ingn Ambiental, Puyo, Ecuador

[27] Univ Autonoma Beni, Campus Univ, Riberalta, Bolivia

[28] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia

[29] Univ Nacl Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru

[30] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Ambientales, Merida, Venezuela

[31] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany

[32] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil

[33] Nat Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands

[34] Univ Fed Alagoas, Inst Biol & Hlth Sci, Maceio, Brazil

[35] Iwokrama Int Ctr Rainforest Conservat & Dev, Georgetown, Guyana

[36] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham, England

[37] Prolongac Bolognesi Mze, Jardin Bot Missouri, Pasco, Peru

[38] Univ Los Andes, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal, Merida, Venezuela

[39] Univ Autonoma Beni, Riberalta, Bolivia

[40] Ctr Invest & Promoc Campesinado Norte Amazon, Riberalta, Bolivia

来源：

GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES | 2016年 / 30卷 / 07期

基金：

英国自然环境研究理事会; 欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

carbon; forest productivity; water deficit; precipitation; vegetation dynamics; tree mortality; INDUCED TREE MORTALITY; TROPICAL FORESTS; MECHANISMS; LIANAS; GROWTH; PRODUCTIVITY; SENSITIVITY; ALLOMETRY; SEVERITY; SURVIVAL;

D O I：

10.1002/2015GB005133

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in 2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010; however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010 drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change: -0.43Mgha(-1), confidence interval (CI): -1.11, 0.19, n=97), regardless of whether forests experienced precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33Mgha(-1)yr(-1) (CI: 0.90, 1.74, p<0.01). The resulting net impact of the 2010 drought (i.e., reversal of the baseline net sink) was -1.95Mgha(-1)yr(-1) (CI:-2.77, -1.18; p<0.001). This net biomass impact was driven by an increase in biomass mortality (1.45Mgha(-1)yr(-1) CI: 0.66, 2.25, p<0.001) and a decline in biomass productivity (-0.50Mgha(-1)yr(-1), CI:-0.78, -0.31; p<0.001). Surprisingly, the magnitude of the losses through tree mortality was unrelated to estimated local precipitation anomalies and was independent of estimated local pre-2010 drought history. Thus, there was no evidence that pre-2010 droughts compounded the effects of the 2010 drought. We detected a systematic basin-wide impact of the 2010 drought on tree growth rates across Amazonia, which was related to the strength of the moisture deficit. This impact differed from the drought event in 2005 which did not affect productivity. Based on these ground data, live biomass in trees and corresponding estimates of live biomass in lianas and roots, we estimate that intact forests in Amazonia were carbon neutral in 2010 (-0.07PgCyr(-1) CI:-0.42, 0.23), consistent with results from an independent analysis of airborne estimates of land-atmospheric fluxes during 2010. Relative to the long-term mean, the 2010 drought resulted in a reduction in biomass carbon uptake of 1.1PgC, compared to 1.6PgC for the 2005 event.

引用

页码：964 / 982

页数：19

共 79 条

[1] A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests [J].

Allen, Craig D. ;

Macalady, Alison K. ;

Chenchouni, Haroun ;

Bachelet, Dominique ;

McDowell, Nate ;

Vennetier, Michel ;

Kitzberger, Thomas ;

Rigling, Andreas ;

Breshears, David D. ;

Hogg, E. H. ;

Gonzalez, Patrick ;

Fensham, Rod ;

Zhang, Zhen ;

Castro, Jorge ;

Demidova, Natalia ;

Lim, Jong-Hwan ;

Allard, Gillian ;

Running, Steven W. ;

Semerci, Akkin ;

Cobb, Neil .

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2010, 259 (04) :660-684

[2] Loss of whole-tree hydraulic conductance during severe drought and multi-year forest die-off [J].

Anderegg, William R. L. ;

Anderegg, Leander D. L. ;

Berry, Joseph A. ;

Field, Christopher B. .

OECOLOGIA, 2014, 175 (01) :11-23

[3]

[Anonymous], GLC 2000 GLOBAL LAND

[4] Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils [J].

Aragao, L. E. O. C. ;

Malhi, Y. ;

Metcalfe, D. B. ;

Silva-Espejo, J. E. ;

Jimenez, E. ;

Navarrete, D. ;

Almeida, S. ;

Costa, A. C. L. ;

Salinas, N. ;

Phillips, O. L. ;

Anderson, L. O. ;

Alvarez, E. ;

Baker, T. R. ;

Goncalvez, P. H. ;

Huaman-Ovalle, J. ;

Mamani-Solorzano, M. ;

Meir, P. ;

Monteagudo, A. ;

Patino, S. ;

Penuela, M. C. ;

Prieto, A. ;

Quesada, C. A. ;

Rozas-Davila, A. ;

Rudas, A. ;

Silva, J. A., Jr. ;

Vasquez, R. .

BIOGEOSCIENCES, 2009, 6 (12) :2759-2778

[5]

Aragao LEOC, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, DOI [10.1029/2006GL028946, 10.1029/2006GL028946.]

[6]

Baker, 2010, FIELD MANUAL PLOT ES

[7] Increasing biomass in Amazonian forest plots [J].

Baker, TR ;

Phillips, OL ;

Malhi, Y ;

Almeida, S ;

Arroyo, L ;

Di Fiore, A ;

Erwin, T ;

Higuchi, N ;

Killeen, TJ ;

Laurance, SG ;

Laurance, WF ;

Lewis, SL ;

Monteagudo, A ;

Neill, DA ;

Vargas, PN ;

Pitman, NCA ;

Silva, JNM ;

Martínez, RV .

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2004, 359 (1443) :353-365

[8] What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers [J].

Banin, L. ;

Feldpausch, T. R. ;

Phillips, O. L. ;

Baker, T. R. ;

Lloyd, J. ;

Affum-Baffoe, K. ;

Arets, E. J. M. M. ;

Berry, N. J. ;

Bradford, M. ;

Brienen, R. J. W. ;

Davies, S. ;

Drescher, M. ;

Higuchi, N. ;

Hilbert, D. W. ;

Hladik, A. ;

Iida, Y. ;

Abu Salim, K. ;

Kassim, A. R. ;

King, D. A. ;

Lopez-Gonzalez, G. ;

Metcalfe, D. ;

Nilus, R. ;

Peh, K. S. -H. ;

Reitsma, J. M. ;

Sonke, B. ;

Taedoumg, H. ;

Tan, S. ;

White, L. ;

Woell, H. ;

Lewis, S. L. .

GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY, 2012, 21 (12) :1179-1190

[9] Increased early growth rates decrease longevities of conifers in subalpine forests [J].

Bigler, Christof ;

Veblen, Thomas T. .

OIKOS, 2009, 118 (08) :1130-1138

[10] Drought effects on litterfall, wood production and belowground carbon cycling in an Amazon forest: results of a throughfall reduction experiment [J].

Brando, Paulo M. ;

Nepstad, Daniel C. ;

Davidson, Eric A. ;

Trumbore, Susan E. ;

Ray, David ;

Camargo, Plinio .

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2008, 363 (1498) :1839-1848

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 →