A sensing behavior synergistic liquid-liquid extraction and spectrophotometric determination of nickel(II) by using 1-(2′,4′-dinitro aminophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiol: Analysis of foundry and electroless nickel plating waste water

We report the sensing behavior of liquid-liquid extraction of nickel(II), which has been selectively determined from contaminated water samples by a simple UV-visible spectrophotometer. The method is based on synergistic extraction of nickel(II) by 1-(2,4-dinitro aminophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiol [2',4'-dinitro APTPT] with pyridine. Nickel(II) reacts with 2',4'-dinitro APTPT and forms a green-colored complex at pH 9.2. In addition, the Ni(II) ions were detected with the naked eye with the ligand. The absorbance of the coloured complex was measured at 660 nm and the colored complex is stable for more than 48 h even in the presence of other competing ions. The system obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 5-50 g mL(-1) of nickel(II) and the optimum range evaluated by Ringbom's plot method is 10-40 g mL(-1) with an excellent linearity and a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the extractive species were found to be 1.64 x 10(3) dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1) and 0.0585 g cm(-2) in the presence of pyridine, and 7.4 x 10(2) dm(3) mol(-1) cm(-1) and 0.78 g cm(-2) in the absence of pyridine, respectively. The composition of nickel(II)-2',4'-dinitro APTPT-pyridine was established by the slope ratio method, the mole ratio method and Job's method of continuous variation. It was found that the metal:ligand:synergent (M:L:Sy) ratio is 1:2:2. To assess the precision and accuracy of the developed method, determinations were carried out at n = 5. The relative standard deviation of all measurements does not exceed 0.16%. Excellent selectivity was found towards the Ni(II) ion due to a specific complex formation between the Ni(II) ion and the organic ligand. In the extraction of Ni(II), several affecting factors, including the solution pH, ligand concentration, equilibrium time, initial Ni(II) ion concentration and foreign ions, were investigated and the applicability of the method was checked by the analysis of synthetic mixtures and alloys. The developed method was successfully used for the determination of nickel(II) from waste water effluents from the foundry region and the nickel plating industry (Kolhapur city). The results obtained by the developed method were also confirmed by AAS. We claimed from this study that Ni(II) could be successfully determined by the spectrophotometric method developed in the current work. The present work is obviously much simpler than the conventional method comprising multistep processes.