Analysis of flow, heat transfer and entropy generation in a pipe conveying fourth grade fluid with temperature dependent viscosities and internal heat generation

In this work, analysis the pipe flow, heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation in fourth grade fluid with temperature dependent viscosities and heat generation is analyzed using regular perturbation method. The analytical solutions are used to study the effects of various thermal-fluidic parameters on the flow and thermal behavior of the fluid in a pipe. Also the entropy generations for both temperature-dependent Reynolds' and Vogel's viscosities are also computed and analyze, as well as the pressure gradient for the fourth grade fluid. The results obtained in this paper through the perturbation method are in very good agreement with the results obtained by the numerical and homotopy analysis methods. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.